National emergencies in the United States
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| Status | President | Start date | Start year | End date | End year | Category | Lat | Long | Country | Emergency name | Proclamation | More details |
|---|
| Status | President | Start date | Start year | End date | End year | Category | Lat | Long | Country | Emergency name | Proclamation | More details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | Trump | March 13 | 2020 | TBD | TBD | Public health | US | Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 Outbreak | Proclamation 9994 | On March 13, 2020, President Donald Trump declared that he would give the states and territories access to up to 50 billion dollars in federal funds to fight the coronavirus pandemic. This includes the ability to waive laws to enable tele-health. Stated by President Trump: "It gives remote doctor's visits and hospital check ins. The power to waive certain federal license requirements so the doctors from other states can provide services in states with the greatest need." | ||
| Current | Trump | June 11 | 2020 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Afghanistan | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Associated with the International Criminal Court | Executive Order 13928 | Freezes property of persons directly engaged in, or materially supporting, any effort by the ICC to investigate, arrest, detain or prosecute US or US-allied personnel in connection with the War in Afghanistan; bars entry into the US by such directly engaged persons and their immediate families | ||
| Current | Trump | May 15 | 2019 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Shenzhen, Guangdong, China | Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain | Executive Order 13873 | bans American companies from using any telecommunications equipment that the secretary of Commerce declares to be a national security risk. Soon after the executive order was signed, the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce announced that it will be adding Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd and 70 affiliates to its Entity List. The Department of Commerce alleged that Huawei was engaged in activities that are contrary to US national security or foreign policy interest. As a result, sale or transfer of American technology to a company or person on the Entity List requires a license issued by the BIS, and a license may be denied if the sale or transfer would harm US national security or foreign policy interests. | ||
| Current | Trump | February 15 | 2019 | TBD | TBD | Military | 32.534444 | -117.121944 | n/a | Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States | Proclamation 9844 | seeks to divert $8 billion of funds, which were previously allocated to other programs, to build a wall on the southern border of the United States, which the order calls a "major entry point for criminals, gang members, and illicit narcotics" into the United States. This emergency declaration is the first since the passage of the National Emergencies Act in which the president sought to take funds for which Congress previously denied appropriation, and the first time both houses of Congress passed a resolution declaring the emergency terminated, sending it to the president for his signature. |
| Current | Trump | September 12 | 2018 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Russia | Imposing Certain Sanctions in the Event of Foreign Interference in a United States Election | Executive Order 13848 | intended to enable automatic sanctions in response to election interference; intelligence agencies are given 45 days after an election to assess any possible interference | ||
| Current | Trump | November 27 | 2018 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Nicaragua | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Nicaragua | Executive Order 13851 | announces certain sanctions against current and former Daniel Ortega government officials engaging in human rights abuse or corruption | ||
| Current | Trump | December 20 | 2017 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Myanmar | Blocking the Property of Persons Involved in Serious Human Rights Abuse or Corruption | Executive Order 13818 | imposed sanctions due to the Rohingya conflict in Myanmar, specifically against general Maung Maung Soe; works in tandem with the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act | ||
| Current | Obama | November 22 | 2015 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Burundi | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Burundi | Executive Order 13712 | imposed sanctions on four Burundi nationals— minister of public security Alain Guillaume Bunyoni, National Police of Burundi deputy director-general Godefroid Bizimana, Godefroid Niyombare, and Cyrille Ndayirukiye—in the wake of widespread unrest | ||
| Current | Obama | March 8 | 2015 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Venezuela | Blocking Property and Suspending Entry of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Venezuela | Executive Order 13692 | imposed sanctions on seven high-ranking Venezuelan government officials, including SEBIN director Gustavo Enrique González López, PNB director Manuel Perez, and CVG head Justo Noguero | ||
| Current | Obama | April 1 | 2015 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | North Korea | Blocking the Property of Certain Persons Engaging in Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities | Executive Order 13694 | intended to allow sanctions to be levied on foreign individuals determined by the Department of the Treasury to have engaged in cyber-crime or cyber-terrorism; was in the works for two years. | ||
| Current | Obama | May 12 | 2014 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Central African Republic | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in the Central African Republic | Executive Order 13667 | imposed sanctions against former Central African Republic president François Bozizé, following similar sanctions placed on Bozizé by the United Nations Security Council the previous week; also contains provisions against the use of child soldiers | ||
| Current | Obama | March 6 | 2014 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Ukraine | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine | Executive Order 13660 | imposed sanctions, including restricting visas, in concert with the European Union and the international community against Russia after its Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. Amended on March 16, 2014 (Executive Order 13662), and December 19, 2014 (Executive Order 13685) to expand the scope of sanctions. | ||
| Current | Obama | April 3 | 2014 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | South Sudan | Blocking Property of Certain Persons With Respect to South Sudan | Executive Order 13664 | enabled economic sanctions to be placed due to the civil war in South Sudan; sanctions were first imposed a month later | ||
| Current | Obama | May 16 | 2012 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Yemen | Blocking Property of Persons Threatening the Peace, Security, or Stability of Yemen | Executive Order 13611 | intended to counter unrest in Yemen in the aftermath of the Yemeni Revolution | ||
| Ended | Obama | June 25 | 2012 | May 26 | 2015 | Sanctions | Russia | Blocking Property of the Government of the Russian Federation Relating to the Disposition of Highly Enriched Uranium Extracted From Nuclear Weapons | Executive Order 13617 | imposed sanctions on Russia over the disposal of highly enriched uranium | ||
| Current | Obama | July 24 | 2011 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Mexico | Blocking Property of Transnational Criminal Organizations | Executive Order 13581 | levied sanctions against four criminal organizations— Los Zetas, the Brothers' Circle, the Yakuza, and the Camorra—including freezing assets, barring ownership of American real estate, and implementing travel bans | ||
| Current | Obama | February 25 | 2011 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Libya | Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related to Libya | Executive Order 13566 | imposed sanctions on Muammar Gaddafi, his family, and Libyan officials after protestors were killed by government forces, including freezing assets and consideration of prosecution for war crimes | ||
| Current | Obama | April 12 | 2010 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Somalia | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in Somalia | Executive Order 13536 | intended to help combat Somali pirates | ||
| Ended | Obama | October 24 | 2009 | October 23 | 2010 | Public health | US | Declaration of a National Emergency With Respect to the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic | Proclamation 8443 | empowered the secretary of Health and Human Services to issue waivers allowing overcrowded hospitals to move swine flu patients to satellite facilities or other hospitals. Months before this national emergency was declared, on April 26, 2009 Obama's acting director of Health and Human Services declared H1N1 a public health emergency. Later on October 24, 2009, a second declaration was made by Obama to temporarily waive or modify certain requirements of the Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children's Health Insurance programs and of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule. | ||
| Current | Bush | June 26 | 2008 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | North Korea | Continuing Certain Restrictions With Respect to North Korea and North Korean Nationals | Executive Order 13466 | retained "certain restrictions" on North Korea as the United States removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism and as North Korea publicly declared its nuclear program | ||
| Current | Bush | August 1 | 2007 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Lebanon | Blocking Property of Persons Undermining the Sovereignty of Lebanon or Its Democratic Processes and Institutions | Executive Order 13441 | imposed sanctions intended as a warning to Syria and Hezbollah, months after a similar travel ban, during widespread unrest in the country, and out of concern over rifts between prime minister Fouad Siniora and president Émile Lahoud | ||
| Current | Bush | October 27 | 2006 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo | Executive Order 13413 | imposed economic sanctions on DRC government officials amidst widespread violence taking place during runoffs for Congo's first free election in decades | ||
| Current | Bush | June 16 | 2006 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Belarus | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Belarus | Executive Order 13405 | imposed sanctions, including a travel ban, on Alexander Lukashenko after Belarus’s crackdown on peaceful protests against the recent presidential election and following similar sanctions by the European Union | ||
| Ended | Bush | February 7 | 2006 | September 14 | 2016 | Sanctions | Côte d'Ivoire | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in Côte d'Ivoire | Executive Order 13396 | |||
| Current | Bush | May 11 | 2004 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Syria | Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting the Export of Certain Goods to Syria | Executive Order 13338 | imposed mostly symbolic economic sanctions on Syria, grounding all flights between the two countries, banning all exports to Syria but food and medicine, and freezing some Syrians' assets | ||
| Ended | Bush | July 22 | 2004 | November 12 | 2015 | Sanctions | Liberia | Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting the Importation of Certain Goods from Liberia | Executive Order 13348 | |||
| Current | Bush | May 22 | 2003 | TBD | TBD | Legal | Iraq | Protecting the Development Fund for Iraq and Certain Other Property in Which Iraq Has an Interest | Executive Order 13303 | granted the Development Fund for Iraq, established the same day, legal protection in the wake of the invasion of Iraq and amidst the Iraq War | ||
| Current | Bush | March 6 | 2003 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Zimbabwe | Blocking Property of Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe | Executive Order 13288 | imposed economic sanctions on Zimbabwe president Robert Mugabe and 76 other government officials following years of rigged elections and a recent food shortage, echoing similar sanctions imposed the previous year by the European Union. Amended on November 22, 2005 (Executive Order 13391) to revise the EO's annex listing the individuals targeted with sanctions. | ||
| Current | Bush | September 23 | 2001 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Afghanistan | Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten To Commit, or Support Terrorism | Executive Order 13224 | the second of two national emergencies declared following the September 11 attacks, allowing the State and Treasury departments (through the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control) to designate entities as terrorists and apply economic sanctions. Due to the order's broad language, its scope has grown over the years to become one of the Treasury's "cornerstone sanctions programs" in fighting terrorism worldwide. Amended on July 2, 2002 (Executive Order 13268) to include the Taliban, and on January 23, 2003 (Executive Order 13284) to integrate the newly-created position of Secretary of Homeland Security into the order's process. | ||
| Current | Bush | September 14 | 2001 | TBD | TBD | Military | Afghanistan | Declaration of National Emergency by Reason of Certain Terrorist Attacks | Proclamation 7463 | the first of two national emergencies declared following the September 11 attacks, allowing the president to call troops from the National Guard or from retirement, to apportion military funding, to exercise more discretion over hiring military officers, and to promote more generals than previously allowed. | ||
| Current | Bush | June 26 | 2001 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | North Macedonia | Blocking Property of Persons Who Threaten International Stabilization Efforts in the Western Balkans | Executive Order 13219 | intended to combat extremist Albanian insurgents operating in North Macedonia and limit obstruction of the Dayton Accords. Amended on May 28, 2003 (Executive Order 13304) following the Ohrid Agreement, signed in 2001 | ||
| Ended | Clinton | January 18 | 2001 | January 15 | 2004 | Trade | Sierra Leone | Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone | Executive Order 13194 | |||
| Current | Bush | August 17 | 2001 | TBD | TBD | Trade | US | Continuation of Export Control Regulations | Executive Order 13222 | reasserted presidential control of exports of "defense articles" following the expiration of the Export Administration Act of 1979 in 1994. Amended on March 8, 2013 (Executive Order 13637) to delegate authority provided by Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act from the president to the Secretary of State | ||
| Ended | Clinton | June 21 | 2000 | June 25 | 2012 | Sanctions | Russia | Blocking Property of the Government of the Russian Federation Relating to the Disposition of Highly Enriched Uranium Extracted From Nuclear Weapons | Executive Order 13159 | |||
| Ended | Clinton | July 4 | 1999 | July 2 | 2002 | Sanctions | Afghanistan | Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With the Taliban | Executive Order 13129 | |||
| Ended | Clinton | June 9 | 1998 | May 28 | 2003 | Sanctions | Serbia and Montenegro | Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting New Investment in the Republic of Serbia in Response to the Situation in Kosovo | Executive Order 13088 | declaration of a national emergency during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. | ||
| Current | Clinton | November 3 | 1997 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Sudan | Blocking Sudanese Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Sudan | Executive Order 13067 | established a trade embargo against Sudan, specifically targeting the Sudanese government | ||
| Ended | Clinton | May 20 | 1997 | October 7 | 2016 | Sanctions | Burma | Prohibiting New Investment in Burma | Executive Order 13047 | |||
| Current | Clinton | March 1 | 1996 | TBD | TBD | Maritime | Cuba | Declaration of a National Emergency and Invocation of Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and Movement of Vessels | Proclamation 6867 | implemented following the destruction of two civilian aircraft by the Cuban military on February 24, 1996. | ||
| Current | Clinton | October 21 | 1995 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Colombia | Blocking Assets and Prohibiting Transactions with Significant Narcotics Traffickers | Executive Order 12978 | declared in response to Colombian drug cartels using American companies to launder money | ||
| Current | Clinton | March 15 | 1995 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Iran | Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect to the Development of Iranian Petroleum Resources | Executive Order 12957 | intended to prevent a business deal between Iran and Conoco | ||
| Current | Clinton | January 23 | 1995 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Palestine | Prohibiting Transactions With Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process | Executive Order 12947 | imposed economic sanctions on Specially Designated Terrorists, including the ANO, Hezbollah, the DFLP, Hamas, and the PFLP | ||
| Ended | Clinton | September 29 | 1994 | November 14 | 1994 | Sanctions | US | Measures to Restrict the Participation by United States Persons in Weapons Proliferation Activities | Executive Order 12930 | |||
| Ended | Clinton | October 25 | 1994 | May 28 | 2003 | Sanctions | Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Blocking Property and Additional Measures With Respect to the Bosnian Serb-Controlled Areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Executive Order 12934 | |||
| Current | Clinton | November 14 | 1994 | TBD | TBD | Arms | US | Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction | Executive Order 12938 | provides for control over the export of weapons; combined two previous national emergencies regarding WMDs | ||
| Ended | Clinton | June 30 | 1994 | August 19 | 1994 | Trade | US | Continuation of Export Control Regulations | Executive Order 12923 | |||
| Ended | Clinton | August 19 | 1994 | April 4 | 2001 | Trade | US | Continuation of Export Control Regulations | Executive Order 12924 | revoked and revised Executive Order 12923 | ||
| Ended | Clinton | September 30 | 1993 | September 29 | 1994 | Arms | US | Measures To Restrict the Participation by United States Persons in Weapons Proliferation Activities | Executive Order 12868 | restricted US development of nuclear and chemical weapons | ||
| Ended | Clinton | September 26 | 1993 | May 6 | 2003 | Sanctions | Angola | Prohibiting Certain Transactions Involving UNITA | Executive Order 12865 | imposed economic sanctions on UNITA, a political group in Angola | ||
| Ended | Bush (H.W.) | May 30 | 1992 | May 28 | 2003 | Sanctions | Serbia and Montenegro | Blocking "Yugoslav Government" Property and Property of the Governments of Serbia and Montenegro | Executive Order 12808 | in response to the start of the Bosnian War | ||
| Ended | Bush (H.W.) | October 4 | 1991 | October 14 | 1994 | Sanctions | Haiti | Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect to Haiti | Executive Order 12775 | followed the 1991 Haitian coup d'état against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Re-declared by Clinton on May 7, 1994 (Executive Order 12914) | ||
| Ended | Bush (H.W.) | September 30 | 1990 | September 30 | 1993 | Trade | US | Continuation of Export Control Regulations | Executive Order 12444 | expiry of the Export Administration Act of 1979 | ||
| Ended | Bush (H.W.) | November 16 | 1990 | November 11 | 1994 | Arms | Russia | Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation | Executive Order 12735 | followed the signing with the U.S.S.R. of the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord, and preceded the May 1991 commitment by George H.W. Bush to destroy weapon agents, systems, and production facilities of the United States chemical weapons program | ||
| Ended | Bush (H.W.) | August 2 | 1990 | July 29 | 2004 | Sanctions | Iraq | Blocking Iraqi Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Iraq | Executive Order 12722 | in response to the invasion of Kuwait | ||
| Ended | Reagan | April 8 | 1988 | April 5 | 1990 | Sanctions | Panama | Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect to Panama | Executive Order 12635 | deteriorating relationship between the U.S. and General Manuel Noriega | ||
| Ended | Reagan | January 7 | 1986 | September 20 | 2004 | Sanctions | Libya | Prohibiting Trade and Certain Transactions Involving Libya | Executive Order 12543 | followed the 1985 Rome and Vienna airport attacks | ||
| Ended | Reagan | September 9 | 1985 | July 10 | 1991 | Sanctions | South Africa | Prohibiting Trade and Certain Other Transactions Involving South Africa | Executive Order 12532 | response to the initial attempt by Senate Democrats to pass what would be the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 | ||
| Ended | Reagan | May 1 | 1985 | March 13 | 1990 | Sanctions | Nicaragua | Prohibiting Trade and Certain Other Transactions Involving Nicaragua | Executive Order 12513 | The United States embargo against Nicaragua, followed the victory by Sandinista in the 1984 Nicaraguan general election over the U.S.-backed Contras | ||
| Ended | Reagan | March 30 | 1984 | July 12 | 1985 | Trade | US | Continuation of Export Control Regulations | Executive Order 12470 | expiry of the Export Administration Act of 1979 | ||
| Ended | Reagan | October 14 | 1983 | December 20 | 1983 | Trade | US | Continuation of Export Control Regulations | Executive Order 12444 | expiry of the Export Administration Act of 1979 | ||
| Ended | Carter | April 17 | 1980 | January 19 | 1981 | Sanctions | Iran | Further Prohibitions on Transactions with Iran | Executive Order 12211 | prohibitions revoked on January 19, 1981, but national emergency left in effect and neither terminated nor continued | ||
| Current | Carter | November 14 | 1979 | TBD | TBD | Sanctions | Iran | Blocking Iranian Government Property | Executive Order 12170 | ordered the freezing of Iranian assets as part of the U.S. response during the Iran hostage crisis | ||
| Ended | Nixon | August 15 | 1971 | September 14 | 1978 | Trade | US | Imposition of Supplemental Duty for Balance of Payments Purposes | Proclamation 4074 | imposed import controls in response to the Nixon shock. The last of four emergencies cited by Senate Report 93-549 as never having been terminated | ||
| Ended | Nixon | March 23 | 1970 | September 14 | 1978 | Economic | US | Declaring a National Emergency | Proclamation 3972 | declaration in response to the 1970 United States Postal Service strike. The third of four emergencies cited by Senate Report 93-549 as never having been terminated | ||
| Ended | Truman | December 16 | 1950 | September 14 | 1978 | Military | Korea | Proclaiming the Existence of a National Emergency | Proclamation 2914 | declared that the United States' "military, naval, air and civilian defenses" should be used to fight communism as part of the Korean War. The second of four emergencies cited by Senate Report 93-549 as never having been terminated. | ||
| Ended | Roosevelt | May 27 | 1941 | April 28 | 1952 | Military | Germany | Proclaiming That an Unlimited National Emergency Confronts This Country, Which Requires That Its Military, Naval, Air and Civilian Defenses Be Put on the Basis of Readiness to Repel Any and All Acts or Threats of Aggression Directed Toward Any Part of the Western Hemisphere | Proclamation 2487 | declaration of an unlimited national emergency under threat from Nazi Germany | ||
| Ended | Roosevelt | September 8 | 1939 | April 28 | 1952 | Military | US | Proclaiming a National Emergency in Connection with the Observance, Safeguarding, and Enforcement of Neutrality and the Strengthening of the National Defense Within the Limits of Peace-Time Authorizations | Proclamation 2352 | |||
| Ended | Roosevelt | March 9 | 1933 | September 14 | 1978 | Economic | US | Declaring Bank Holiday | Proclamation 2039 | Declared a bank holiday from March 6 through March 9, 1933, using the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 as a legal basis. The first of four emergencies cited by Senate Report 93-549 as never having been terminated. | ||
| Ended | Wilson | February 5 | 1917 | March 3 | 1921 | Maritime | US | Emergency in Water Transportation of the United States | Proclamation 1354 |
Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 Outbreak
Status: Current
President: Trump
Start date: March 13
Start year: 2020
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Public health
Proclamation: Proclamation 9994
More details: On March 13, 2020, President Donald Trump declared that he would give the states and territories access to up to 50 billion dollars in federal funds to fight the coronavirus pandemic. This includes the ability to waive laws to enable tele-health. Stated by President Trump: "It gives remote doctor's visits and hospital check ins. The power to waive certain federal license requirements so the doctors from other states can provide services in states with the greatest need."
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Associated with the International Criminal Court
Status: Current
President: Trump
Start date: June 11
Start year: 2020
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13928
More details: Freezes property of persons directly engaged in, or materially supporting, any effort by the ICC to investigate, arrest, detain or prosecute US or US-allied personnel in connection with the War in Afghanistan; bars entry into the US by such directly engaged persons and their immediate families
Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain
Status: Current
President: Trump
Start date: May 15
Start year: 2019
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13873
More details: bans American companies from using any telecommunications equipment that the secretary of Commerce declares to be a national security risk. Soon after the executive order was signed, the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce announced that it will be adding Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd and 70 affiliates to its Entity List. The Department of Commerce alleged that Huawei was engaged in activities that are contrary to US national security or foreign policy interest. As a result, sale or transfer of American technology to a company or person on the Entity List requires a license issued by the BIS, and a license may be denied if the sale or transfer would harm US national security or foreign policy interests.
Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States
Status: Current
President: Trump
Start date: February 15
Start year: 2019
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Military
Proclamation: Proclamation 9844
More details: seeks to divert $8 billion of funds, which were previously allocated to other programs, to build a wall on the southern border of the United States, which the order calls a "major entry point for criminals, gang members, and illicit narcotics" into the United States. This emergency declaration is the first since the passage of the National Emergencies Act in which the president sought to take funds for which Congress previously denied appropriation, and the first time both houses of Congress passed a resolution declaring the emergency terminated, sending it to the president for his signature.
Imposing Certain Sanctions in the Event of Foreign Interference in a United States Election
Status: Current
President: Trump
Start date: September 12
Start year: 2018
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13848
More details: intended to enable automatic sanctions in response to election interference; intelligence agencies are given 45 days after an election to assess any possible interference
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Nicaragua
Status: Current
President: Trump
Start date: November 27
Start year: 2018
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13851
More details: announces certain sanctions against current and former Daniel Ortega government officials engaging in human rights abuse or corruption
Blocking the Property of Persons Involved in Serious Human Rights Abuse or Corruption
Status: Current
President: Trump
Start date: December 20
Start year: 2017
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13818
More details: imposed sanctions due to the Rohingya conflict in Myanmar, specifically against general Maung Maung Soe; works in tandem with the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Burundi
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: November 22
Start year: 2015
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13712
More details: imposed sanctions on four Burundi nationals— minister of public security Alain Guillaume Bunyoni, National Police of Burundi deputy director-general Godefroid Bizimana, Godefroid Niyombare, and Cyrille Ndayirukiye—in the wake of widespread unrest
Blocking Property and Suspending Entry of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Venezuela
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: March 8
Start year: 2015
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13692
More details: imposed sanctions on seven high-ranking Venezuelan government officials, including SEBIN director Gustavo Enrique González López, PNB director Manuel Perez, and CVG head Justo Noguero
Blocking the Property of Certain Persons Engaging in Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: April 1
Start year: 2015
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13694
More details: intended to allow sanctions to be levied on foreign individuals determined by the Department of the Treasury to have engaged in cyber-crime or cyber-terrorism; was in the works for two years.
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in the Central African Republic
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: May 12
Start year: 2014
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13667
More details: imposed sanctions against former Central African Republic president François Bozizé, following similar sanctions placed on Bozizé by the United Nations Security Council the previous week; also contains provisions against the use of child soldiers
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: March 6
Start year: 2014
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13660
More details: imposed sanctions, including restricting visas, in concert with the European Union and the international community against Russia after its Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. Amended on March 16, 2014 (Executive Order 13662), and December 19, 2014 (Executive Order 13685) to expand the scope of sanctions.
Blocking Property of Certain Persons With Respect to South Sudan
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: April 3
Start year: 2014
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13664
More details: enabled economic sanctions to be placed due to the civil war in South Sudan; sanctions were first imposed a month later
Blocking Property of Persons Threatening the Peace, Security, or Stability of Yemen
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: May 16
Start year: 2012
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13611
More details: intended to counter unrest in Yemen in the aftermath of the Yemeni Revolution
Blocking Property of the Government of the Russian Federation Relating to the Disposition of Highly Enriched Uranium Extracted From Nuclear Weapons
Status: Ended
President: Obama
Start date: June 25
Start year: 2012
End date: May 26
End year: 2015
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13617
More details: imposed sanctions on Russia over the disposal of highly enriched uranium
Blocking Property of Transnational Criminal Organizations
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: July 24
Start year: 2011
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13581
More details: levied sanctions against four criminal organizations— Los Zetas, the Brothers' Circle, the Yakuza, and the Camorra—including freezing assets, barring ownership of American real estate, and implementing travel bans
Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related to Libya
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: February 25
Start year: 2011
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13566
More details: imposed sanctions on Muammar Gaddafi, his family, and Libyan officials after protestors were killed by government forces, including freezing assets and consideration of prosecution for war crimes
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in Somalia
Status: Current
President: Obama
Start date: April 12
Start year: 2010
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13536
More details: intended to help combat Somali pirates
Declaration of a National Emergency With Respect to the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic
Status: Ended
President: Obama
Start date: October 24
Start year: 2009
End date: October 23
End year: 2010
Category: Public health
Proclamation: Proclamation 8443
More details: empowered the secretary of Health and Human Services to issue waivers allowing overcrowded hospitals to move swine flu patients to satellite facilities or other hospitals. Months before this national emergency was declared, on April 26, 2009 Obama's acting director of Health and Human Services declared H1N1 a public health emergency. Later on October 24, 2009, a second declaration was made by Obama to temporarily waive or modify certain requirements of the Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children's Health Insurance programs and of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule.
Continuing Certain Restrictions With Respect to North Korea and North Korean Nationals
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: June 26
Start year: 2008
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13466
More details: retained "certain restrictions" on North Korea as the United States removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism and as North Korea publicly declared its nuclear program
Blocking Property of Persons Undermining the Sovereignty of Lebanon or Its Democratic Processes and Institutions
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: August 1
Start year: 2007
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13441
More details: imposed sanctions intended as a warning to Syria and Hezbollah, months after a similar travel ban, during widespread unrest in the country, and out of concern over rifts between prime minister Fouad Siniora and president Émile Lahoud
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: October 27
Start year: 2006
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13413
More details: imposed economic sanctions on DRC government officials amidst widespread violence taking place during runoffs for Congo's first free election in decades
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Belarus
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: June 16
Start year: 2006
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13405
More details: imposed sanctions, including a travel ban, on Alexander Lukashenko after Belarus’s crackdown on peaceful protests against the recent presidential election and following similar sanctions by the European Union
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in Côte d'Ivoire
Status: Ended
President: Bush
Start date: February 7
Start year: 2006
End date: September 14
End year: 2016
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13396
Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting the Export of Certain Goods to Syria
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: May 11
Start year: 2004
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13338
More details: imposed mostly symbolic economic sanctions on Syria, grounding all flights between the two countries, banning all exports to Syria but food and medicine, and freezing some Syrians' assets
Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting the Importation of Certain Goods from Liberia
Status: Ended
President: Bush
Start date: July 22
Start year: 2004
End date: November 12
End year: 2015
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13348
Protecting the Development Fund for Iraq and Certain Other Property in Which Iraq Has an Interest
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: May 22
Start year: 2003
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Legal
Proclamation: Executive Order 13303
More details: granted the Development Fund for Iraq, established the same day, legal protection in the wake of the invasion of Iraq and amidst the Iraq War
Blocking Property of Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: March 6
Start year: 2003
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13288
More details: imposed economic sanctions on Zimbabwe president Robert Mugabe and 76 other government officials following years of rigged elections and a recent food shortage, echoing similar sanctions imposed the previous year by the European Union. Amended on November 22, 2005 (Executive Order 13391) to revise the EO's annex listing the individuals targeted with sanctions.
Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten To Commit, or Support Terrorism
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: September 23
Start year: 2001
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13224
More details: the second of two national emergencies declared following the September 11 attacks, allowing the State and Treasury departments (through the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control) to designate entities as terrorists and apply economic sanctions. Due to the order's broad language, its scope has grown over the years to become one of the Treasury's "cornerstone sanctions programs" in fighting terrorism worldwide. Amended on July 2, 2002 (Executive Order 13268) to include the Taliban, and on January 23, 2003 (Executive Order 13284) to integrate the newly-created position of Secretary of Homeland Security into the order's process.
Declaration of National Emergency by Reason of Certain Terrorist Attacks
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: September 14
Start year: 2001
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Military
Proclamation: Proclamation 7463
More details: the first of two national emergencies declared following the September 11 attacks, allowing the president to call troops from the National Guard or from retirement, to apportion military funding, to exercise more discretion over hiring military officers, and to promote more generals than previously allowed.
Blocking Property of Persons Who Threaten International Stabilization Efforts in the Western Balkans
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: June 26
Start year: 2001
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13219
More details: intended to combat extremist Albanian insurgents operating in North Macedonia and limit obstruction of the Dayton Accords. Amended on May 28, 2003 (Executive Order 13304) following the Ohrid Agreement, signed in 2001
Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: January 18
Start year: 2001
End date: January 15
End year: 2004
Category: Trade
Proclamation: Executive Order 13194
Continuation of Export Control Regulations
Status: Current
President: Bush
Start date: August 17
Start year: 2001
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Trade
Proclamation: Executive Order 13222
More details: reasserted presidential control of exports of "defense articles" following the expiration of the Export Administration Act of 1979 in 1994. Amended on March 8, 2013 (Executive Order 13637) to delegate authority provided by Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act from the president to the Secretary of State
Blocking Property of the Government of the Russian Federation Relating to the Disposition of Highly Enriched Uranium Extracted From Nuclear Weapons
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: June 21
Start year: 2000
End date: June 25
End year: 2012
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13159
Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With the Taliban
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: July 4
Start year: 1999
End date: July 2
End year: 2002
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13129
Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting New Investment in the Republic of Serbia in Response to the Situation in Kosovo
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: June 9
Start year: 1998
End date: May 28
End year: 2003
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13088
More details: declaration of a national emergency during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.
Blocking Sudanese Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Sudan
Status: Current
President: Clinton
Start date: November 3
Start year: 1997
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13067
More details: established a trade embargo against Sudan, specifically targeting the Sudanese government
Prohibiting New Investment in Burma
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: May 20
Start year: 1997
End date: October 7
End year: 2016
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 13047
Declaration of a National Emergency and Invocation of Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and Movement of Vessels
Status: Current
President: Clinton
Start date: March 1
Start year: 1996
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Maritime
Proclamation: Proclamation 6867
More details: implemented following the destruction of two civilian aircraft by the Cuban military on February 24, 1996.
Blocking Assets and Prohibiting Transactions with Significant Narcotics Traffickers
Status: Current
President: Clinton
Start date: October 21
Start year: 1995
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12978
More details: declared in response to Colombian drug cartels using American companies to launder money
Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect to the Development of Iranian Petroleum Resources
Status: Current
President: Clinton
Start date: March 15
Start year: 1995
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12957
More details: intended to prevent a business deal between Iran and Conoco
Prohibiting Transactions With Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process
Status: Current
President: Clinton
Start date: January 23
Start year: 1995
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12947
More details: imposed economic sanctions on Specially Designated Terrorists, including the ANO, Hezbollah, the DFLP, Hamas, and the PFLP
Measures to Restrict the Participation by United States Persons in Weapons Proliferation Activities
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: September 29
Start year: 1994
End date: November 14
End year: 1994
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12930
Blocking Property and Additional Measures With Respect to the Bosnian Serb-Controlled Areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: October 25
Start year: 1994
End date: May 28
End year: 2003
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12934
Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction
Status: Current
President: Clinton
Start date: November 14
Start year: 1994
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Arms
Proclamation: Executive Order 12938
More details: provides for control over the export of weapons; combined two previous national emergencies regarding WMDs
Continuation of Export Control Regulations
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: June 30
Start year: 1994
End date: August 19
End year: 1994
Category: Trade
Proclamation: Executive Order 12923
Continuation of Export Control Regulations
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: August 19
Start year: 1994
End date: April 4
End year: 2001
Category: Trade
Proclamation: Executive Order 12924
More details: revoked and revised Executive Order 12923
Measures To Restrict the Participation by United States Persons in Weapons Proliferation Activities
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: September 30
Start year: 1993
End date: September 29
End year: 1994
Category: Arms
Proclamation: Executive Order 12868
More details: restricted US development of nuclear and chemical weapons
Prohibiting Certain Transactions Involving UNITA
Status: Ended
President: Clinton
Start date: September 26
Start year: 1993
End date: May 6
End year: 2003
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12865
More details: imposed economic sanctions on UNITA, a political group in Angola
Blocking "Yugoslav Government" Property and Property of the Governments of Serbia and Montenegro
Status: Ended
President: Bush (H.W.)
Start date: May 30
Start year: 1992
End date: May 28
End year: 2003
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12808
More details: in response to the start of the Bosnian War
Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect to Haiti
Status: Ended
President: Bush (H.W.)
Start date: October 4
Start year: 1991
End date: October 14
End year: 1994
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12775
More details: followed the 1991 Haitian coup d'état against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Re-declared by Clinton on May 7, 1994 (Executive Order 12914)
Continuation of Export Control Regulations
Status: Ended
President: Bush (H.W.)
Start date: September 30
Start year: 1990
End date: September 30
End year: 1993
Category: Trade
Proclamation: Executive Order 12444
More details: expiry of the Export Administration Act of 1979
Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation
Status: Ended
President: Bush (H.W.)
Start date: November 16
Start year: 1990
End date: November 11
End year: 1994
Category: Arms
Proclamation: Executive Order 12735
More details: followed the signing with the U.S.S.R. of the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord, and preceded the May 1991 commitment by George H.W. Bush to destroy weapon agents, systems, and production facilities of the United States chemical weapons program
Blocking Iraqi Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Iraq
Status: Ended
President: Bush (H.W.)
Start date: August 2
Start year: 1990
End date: July 29
End year: 2004
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12722
More details: in response to the invasion of Kuwait
Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect to Panama
Status: Ended
President: Reagan
Start date: April 8
Start year: 1988
End date: April 5
End year: 1990
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12635
More details: deteriorating relationship between the U.S. and General Manuel Noriega
Prohibiting Trade and Certain Transactions Involving Libya
Status: Ended
President: Reagan
Start date: January 7
Start year: 1986
End date: September 20
End year: 2004
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12543
More details: followed the 1985 Rome and Vienna airport attacks
Prohibiting Trade and Certain Other Transactions Involving South Africa
Status: Ended
President: Reagan
Start date: September 9
Start year: 1985
End date: July 10
End year: 1991
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12532
More details: response to the initial attempt by Senate Democrats to pass what would be the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986
Prohibiting Trade and Certain Other Transactions Involving Nicaragua
Status: Ended
President: Reagan
Start date: May 1
Start year: 1985
End date: March 13
End year: 1990
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12513
More details: The United States embargo against Nicaragua, followed the victory by Sandinista in the 1984 Nicaraguan general election over the U.S.-backed Contras
Continuation of Export Control Regulations
Status: Ended
President: Reagan
Start date: March 30
Start year: 1984
End date: July 12
End year: 1985
Category: Trade
Proclamation: Executive Order 12470
More details: expiry of the Export Administration Act of 1979
Continuation of Export Control Regulations
Status: Ended
President: Reagan
Start date: October 14
Start year: 1983
End date: December 20
End year: 1983
Category: Trade
Proclamation: Executive Order 12444
More details: expiry of the Export Administration Act of 1979
Further Prohibitions on Transactions with Iran
Status: Ended
President: Carter
Start date: April 17
Start year: 1980
End date: January 19
End year: 1981
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12211
More details: prohibitions revoked on January 19, 1981, but national emergency left in effect and neither terminated nor continued
Blocking Iranian Government Property
Status: Current
President: Carter
Start date: November 14
Start year: 1979
End date: TBD
End year: TBD
Category: Sanctions
Proclamation: Executive Order 12170
More details: ordered the freezing of Iranian assets as part of the U.S. response during the Iran hostage crisis
Imposition of Supplemental Duty for Balance of Payments Purposes
Status: Ended
President: Nixon
Start date: August 15
Start year: 1971
End date: September 14
End year: 1978
Category: Trade
Proclamation: Proclamation 4074
More details: imposed import controls in response to the Nixon shock. The last of four emergencies cited by Senate Report 93-549 as never having been terminated
Declaring a National Emergency
Status: Ended
President: Nixon
Start date: March 23
Start year: 1970
End date: September 14
End year: 1978
Category: Economic
Proclamation: Proclamation 3972
More details: declaration in response to the 1970 United States Postal Service strike. The third of four emergencies cited by Senate Report 93-549 as never having been terminated
Proclaiming the Existence of a National Emergency
Status: Ended
President: Truman
Start date: December 16
Start year: 1950
End date: September 14
End year: 1978
Category: Military
Proclamation: Proclamation 2914
More details: declared that the United States' "military, naval, air and civilian defenses" should be used to fight communism as part of the Korean War. The second of four emergencies cited by Senate Report 93-549 as never having been terminated.
Proclaiming That an Unlimited National Emergency Confronts This Country, Which Requires That Its Military, Naval, Air and Civilian Defenses Be Put on the Basis of Readiness to Repel Any and All Acts or Threats of Aggression Directed Toward Any Part of the Western Hemisphere
Status: Ended
President: Roosevelt
Start date: May 27
Start year: 1941
End date: April 28
End year: 1952
Category: Military
Proclamation: Proclamation 2487
More details: declaration of an unlimited national emergency under threat from Nazi Germany
Proclaiming a National Emergency in Connection with the Observance, Safeguarding, and Enforcement of Neutrality and the Strengthening of the National Defense Within the Limits of Peace-Time Authorizations
Status: Ended
President: Roosevelt
Start date: September 8
Start year: 1939
End date: April 28
End year: 1952
Category: Military
Proclamation: Proclamation 2352
Declaring Bank Holiday
Status: Ended
President: Roosevelt
Start date: March 9
Start year: 1933
End date: September 14
End year: 1978
Category: Economic
Proclamation: Proclamation 2039
More details: Declared a bank holiday from March 6 through March 9, 1933, using the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 as a legal basis. The first of four emergencies cited by Senate Report 93-549 as never having been terminated.
Emergency in Water Transportation of the United States
Status: Ended
President: Wilson
Start date: February 5
Start year: 1917
End date: March 3
End year: 1921
Category: Maritime
Proclamation: Proclamation 1354